Re: [PATCH 6/7] Introduce facilities for guest migration on top of vhost-user infrastructure

[David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>]

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On Thu, Jan 30, 2025 at 09:32:36AM +0100, Stefano Brivio wrote:
> On Thu, 30 Jan 2025 18:38:22 +1100
> David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> wrote:
> 
> > Right, but in the present draft you pay that cost whether or not
> > you're actually using the flows.  Unfortunately a busy server with
> > heaps of active connections is exactly the case that's likely to be
> > most sensitve to additional downtime, but there's not really any
> > getting around that.  A machine with a lot of state will need either
> > high downtime or high migration bandwidth.
> 
> It's... sixteen megabytes. A KubeVirt node is only allowed to perform up
> to _four_ migrations in parallel, and that's our main use case at the
> moment. "High downtime" is kind of relative.

Certainly.  But I believe it's typical to aim for downtimes in the
~100ms range.

> > But, I'm really hoping we can move relatively quickly to a model where
> > a guest with only a handful of connections _doesn't_ have to pay that
> > 128k flow cost - and can consequently migrate ok even with quite
> > constrained migration bandwidth.  In that scenario the size of the
> > header could become significant.
> 
> I think the biggest cost of the full flow table transfer is rather code
> that's a bit quicker to write (I just managed to properly set sequences
> on the target, connections don't quite "flow" yet) but relatively high
> maintenance (as you mentioned, we need to be careful about every single
> field) and easy to break.

Right.  And with this draft we can't even change the size of the flow
table without breaking migration.  That seems like a thing we might
well want to change.

> I would like to quickly complete the whole flow first, because I think
> we can inform design and implementation decisions much better at that
> point, and we can be sure it's feasible,

That's fair.

> but I'm not particularly keen
> to merge this patch like it is, if we can switch it relatively swiftly
> to an implementation where we model a smaller fixed-endian structure
> with just the stuff we need.

So, there are kind of two parts to this:

1) Only transferring active flow entries, and not transferring the
   hash table

I think this is pretty easy.  It could be done with or without
preserving flow indicies.  Preserving makes for debug log continuity
between the ends, but not preserving lets us change the size of the
flow table without breaking migration.

2) Only transferring the necessary pieces of each entry, and using a
   fixed representation of each piece

This is harder.  Not *super* hard, I think, but definitely trickier
than (1)

> And again, to be a bit more sure of which stuff we need in it, the full
> flow is useful to have implemented.
> 
> Actually the biggest complications I see in switching to that approach,
> from the current point, are that we need to, I guess:
> 
> 1. model arrays (not really complicated by itself)

So here, I actually think this is simpler if we don't attempt to have
a declarative approach to defining the protocol, but just write
functions to implement it.

> 2. have a temporary structure where we store flows instead of using the
>    flow table directly (meaning that the "data model" needs to logically
>    decouple source and destination of the copy)

Right.. I'd really prefer to "stream" in the entries one by one,
rather than having a big staging area.  That's even harder to do
declaratively, but I think the other advantages are worth it.

> 3. batch stuff to some extent. We'll call socket() and connect() once
>    for each socket anyway, obviously, but sending one message to the
>    TCP_REPAIR helper for each socket looks like a rather substantial
>    and avoidable overhead

I don't think this actually has a lot of bearing on the protocol.  I'd
envisage migrate_target() decodes all the information into the
target's flow table, then migrate_target_post() steps through all the
flows re-establishing the connections.  Since we've already parsed the
protocol at that point, we can make multiple passes: one to gather
batches and set TCP_REPAIR, another through each entry to set the
values, and a final one to clear TCP_REPAIR in batches.

> > > > It's both easier to do
> > > > and a bigger win in most cases.  That would dramatically reduce the
> > > > size sent here.  
> > > 
> > > Yep, feel free.  
> > 
> > It's on my queue for the next few days.
> 
> To me this part actually looks like the biggest priority after/while
> getting the whole thing to work, because we can start right with a 'v1'
> which looks more sustainable.
> 
> And I would just get stuff working on x86_64 in that case, without even
> implementing conversions and endianness switches etc.

Right.  Given the number of options here, I think it would be safest
to go in expecting to go through a few throwaway protocol versions
before reaching one we're happy enough to support long term.

To ease that process, I'm wondering if we should, add a default-off
command line option to enable migration.  For now, enabling it would
print some sort of "migration is experimental!" warning.  Once we have
a stream format we're ok with, we can flip it to on-by-default, but we
don't maintain receive compatibility for the experimental versions
leading up to that.

-- 
David Gibson (he or they)	| I'll have my music baroque, and my code
david AT gibson.dropbear.id.au	| minimalist, thank you, not the other way
				| around.
http://www.ozlabs.org/~dgibson

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